Guild of Writers

In this tutorial you will learn about using the array modifier, bezier curves and bezier circles to make a great looking ladder for Uru.


The great thing about bezier curves and bezier circles, is that its an easy way to make cables, wires, tubing, hoses, fancy railings and more more natural, for example in Er'Cana when you go through the mesh to the mixers, that pipe could easily be done using this or similar method.


The easiest way to model a ladder for this tutorial we will start with a new blend file.
So open Blender if you havnâ€™t done so already.
when you open Blender, the top section is called "3D view" and the bottom section is called "Buttons".
While looking in the "3D view" when you start Blender, you'll notice a whole bunch of gray squares, with a dark, nearly black line around them, in Blender, each of these squares as you see it now are called "Blender Units", which just so happens that each "Blender Unit" represented in Uru is equal to 1 foot (imperial measurement).
With the cursor in 3d view window, press the â€œAâ€ button on the keyboard '''TWICE''', so that the box, the lamp and the camera are selected.


[[Image:Initial_window.jpg]]


Press the â€œDeleteâ€ key and select "Erase object(s)", to delete these objects.
You should now have a "clean slate" to work on.


While still in the 3D view, tap the "space-bar" on your keyboard, and select from the menu "Add", then, "Curve", then "Bezier Curve".


[[Image:Move_handles.jpg]]


Right click the mouse button on the point on the axis where the Red and Green arrows point out from, this will select a â€œhandleâ€.
Move the handle so it looks like this, use the menu to select, â€œSnap" then select, "Selection -> Gridâ€
Do the same for the other handle on the other side of the curve, and it should now look like this.


[[Image:Curve_ready.jpg]]


Press the "Tab" key on your keyboard, and you should now be in "Object mode".
Tap the "space-bar" key again and select "Add", "Curve" then, "Bezier Circle".
Press the â€œSâ€ key on your keyboard, now type â€œ0.1â€ on your keyboard, followed by pressing the â€œEnterâ€ key, the reaseon for using this value is that this is the same as the relative size of the avatar's hands when its climbing.
You should now see this on your screen.


[[Image:Curve_with_Circle.jpg]]


Look down towards the bottom left hand corner of the â€œ3D viewâ€ window and youâ€™ll see in white text, the name of the circle with a number in brackets â€œ(1)â€, ignore this number, but remember or write down the name of the circle '''EXACTLY''' (case sensitive).
Press the â€œTabâ€ key to return to object mode.
Right click your mouse button on the curve you did earlier to highlight it.
Move your cursor down to the bottom panel.


[[Image:Enter_Object_name.jpg]]


You should see in the above picture that I have â€œLeft clickedâ€ the mouse button on the â€œBevOb:â€, from here, you need to type in '''EXACTLY''' the name of the circle, that I asked you to write down before (case sensitive).
Press the â€œEnterâ€ key.
Your â€œ3D viewâ€ should now look like this.


[[Image:Tube_drawn.jpg]]


Move your mouse cursor back to the â€œ3D viewâ€ and hold down the â€œALTâ€ key and press the â€œCâ€ key some times seen as â€œALT+Câ€ in other tutorials.
Use the mouse to select â€œConvert toâ€ and click â€œMeshâ€
Right click your mouse button on the circle, and press the â€œDeleteâ€ key and select  â€œErase selected object(s)â€.
Right click your mouse button on the tube in the â€œ3D viewâ€.
Move your mouse down to the bottom and click â€œAdd modifierâ€, now select â€œArrayâ€, like in this picture.


[[Image:Select_array.jpg]]


Below where it says â€œRelative Offsetâ€ left click on X and type â€œ0â€ and press the â€œEnterâ€ key.
Below that, left click on Z and type â€œ5â€ and press Enter.


[[Image:change_x.jpg]]


Above the text in that same small panel that says, â€œConstant Offsetâ€, just above that you should see text that says, â€œCountâ€, left click on that text.
By entering a value here, youâ€™ll make Blender duplicate a series of rungs identical to the one you have just made, and because you have set a value for Z, as in Z-axis, the â€œCountâ€ duplicates that spacing as well.


I have found, that to work out the number of rungs to enter here in the â€œCountâ€ box works out to be,
Take the number of loops the avatarâ€™s hands change places on a ladder normally,
Multiply by 2
Add 6 to that number then,
Subtract 1 (its important to subtract 1, as when the avatar climbs onto the top floor, that is also counted as a rung).
(The minimum number of loops is 2)
(Also itâ€™s a good idea to write down the number of loops, as this will be needed later)


You should now have an odd number.


Or you can use the the Blender grid to work out how many rungs you need and work backwards to figure out how many loops the avatar does, again write this number down so you won't forget it, as you will need this in the next tutorial.
The way this is done, is to count each SOLID black line, you may need to press either "1" or "3" on the numeric keypad (make sure the "Num-Lock key light is showing on your keyboard) to see this easily, count from the bottom up, with the first solid black line.


Enter this number in the â€œCountâ€ box in Blender, and press â€œEnterâ€.


Move your mouse to the â€œ3D viewâ€ and while holding down the â€œmiddle mouse buttonâ€ move the the mouse, you will see your newly made ladder for Uru.


Take a final look at it, to make sure its what you are wanting.
Move your mouse to the bottom of the screen.
Look Above the â€œRelative offsetâ€ button, and you should see another button that says â€œApplyâ€, click this now to set this set of rungs as a ladder.


It still looks a bit out of place, so move your mouse cursor to the left, and click on the button that says, â€œSet Smoothâ€.


The ladder is done, but its rather plain, iâ€™ll leave applying of textures to the ladder for another tutorial.


The last bit to do, which you can do if you're  doing this ladder for an Age, is that this ladder needs some "Collision" so that the avatar won't appear to have magical powers.
To do that, in the bottom pane, you'll see an icon that looks a lot like Pac-Man, but purple, click on that.
Now where it says "Bounds", click on that.
Left click where it says "Box", and select from the menu "Static TriangleMesh".
Thats it, now the ladder has collision, but its not climbable at this stage, that will be for another tutorial.
If you feel comfortable now, try changing the values all over Blender to see what happens, just be sure that you do this in a new blender file, separate from your Age.


If you want the curve at the beginning to be smoother, simply press the â€œTabâ€ key while in the â€œ3D viewâ€ to switch to â€œEdit modeâ€ then tap the â€œAâ€ key twice so that all the vertices turn yellow.
Press the â€œWâ€ key to bring up a menu, and select the top option â€œSubdivideâ€, this will in turn create more "Handles" for you.


Tutorial written by Grogyan, 

Enjoy!

[[Category:Blender Tutorials]]